常用 linux jq 命令语法整理

近期准备对自用的一个 shell 进行完善，有些增删改应该用 jq 来做应该事半功倍一点，将之前整理的一些资料一并做整理做个记录，方便后续查找学习。

语法命令对照表

语法	json	命令	result str	说明
.	“Hello, world!”	jq ‘.’	“Hello, world!”
	{“foo”: 42, “bar”: “less interesting data”}	jq ‘.foo’	42	返回对象foo key 值
	{“notfoo”: true, “alsonotfoo”: false}	jq ‘.foo’	null	对象key不存在，返回null
.[]	[1,2,3]	jq ‘.[]’	1 2 3	元素遍历
	{“a”: 1, “b”: 2}	jq ‘.[]’	1 2	key 对值遍历
.[<string>]	{“foo”: 42}	jq .[“foo”]	42	获取key 对应值
.[<value>]	[{“name”:“JSON”, “good”:true}, {“name”:“XML”, “good”:false}]	jq ‘.[0]’	{“name”:“JSON”, “good”:true}	返回1下标元素
	[1,2,3]	jq ‘.[-2]’	2	返回倒数两个位置元素
.[start:end]	[“a”,“b”,“c”,“d”,“e”]	jq ‘.[2:4]’	[“c”, “d”]	下标开始到下标结束的元素
	“abcdefghi”	jq ‘.[2:4]’	“cd”	下标开始到下标结束的字符
.[:end]	[“a”,“b”,“c”,“d”,“e”]	jq ‘.[:3]’	[“a”, “b”, “c”]	首个元素到指定下标元素之间的元素
.[start:]	[“a”,“b”,“c”,“d”,“e”]	jq ‘.[-2:]’	[“d”, “e”]	指定下标开始到未元素之间的元素
,	{“foo”: 42, “bar”: “something else”, “baz”: true}	jq ‘.foo, .bar’	42, “something else”	获取多个key值
	{“user”:“stedolan”, “projects”: [“jq”, “wikiflow”]}	jq ‘.user, .projects[]’	“stedolan”, “jq”, “wikiflow”	b取多个元素的值
	[“a”,“b”,“c”,“d”,“e”]	jq ‘.[4,2]’	“e”, “c”	取4 和 2 下标元素
\|	[{“name”:“JSON”, “good”:true}, {“name”:“XML”, “good”:false}]	jq ‘.[] \| .name’	“JSON”, “XML”	管道
[]	{“user”:“stedolan”, “projects”: [“jq”, “wikiflow”]}	jq ‘[.user, .projects[]]’	[“stedolan”, “jq”, “wikiflow”]	元素值组成新数组
	[1, 2, 3]	jq ‘[ .[] \| . * 2]’	[2, 4, 6]	元素值组成新数组
{}	[{“user”:“stedolan”, “title”: “JQ Primer”}]	jq ‘.[] \| {user, title}’	{“user”:“stedolan”, “title”: “JQ Primer”}	组成对象(使用原key名)
	[{“user”:“stedolan”, “title”: “JQ Primer”}]	jq ‘.[] \| {user1: .user, title: .title}’	{“user1”:“stedolan”, “title”: “JQ Primer”}	组成对象(改变key名)
+	{“a”: 7}	jq ‘.a + 1’	8	算术运算符
	{“a”: [1,2], “b”: [3,4]}	jq ‘.a + .b’	[1,2,3,4]	数组元素合并
		jq ‘{a: 1} + {b: 2} + {c: 3} + {a: 42}’	{“a”: 42, “b”: 2, “c”: 3}	合并属性
-	{“a”:3}	jq ‘4 - .a’	1	算术运算符
	[“xml”, “yaml”, “json”]	jq ‘. - [“xml”, “yaml”]’	[“json”]	删除指定数组内元素
/	5	jq '10 / . ’	2	算术运算符
	“a,b,c,d,e”	jq ‘. / “,”’	[“a”,“b”,“c”,“d”,“e”]	字符串分隔成数组
length	[1,2]	jq ‘. \| length’	2	数组元素个数
	“string”	jq ‘. \| length’	6	string 的长度
	{“a”:2}	jq ‘. \| length’	1	对象key个数
keys	[“a”,“b”,“c”]	jq ’ . \| keys’	[0,1,2]	数组下标数组
	{“abc”: 1, “abcd”: 2, “Foo”: 3}	jq ’ . \| keys’	[“Foo”, “abc”, “abcd”]	kye数组
has(key)	{“abc”: 1, “abcd”: 2, “Foo”: 3}	jq ‘. \| has(“abc”)’	true	是否包含key
map(x)	[1,2,3]	jq ‘map(.+1)’	[2,3,4]	元素遍历
map_values(x)	{“a”: 1, “b”: 2, “c”: 3}	jq ‘map_values(.+1)’	{“a”: 2, “b”: 3, “c”: 4}	对象值遍历
del(path_expression)	{“foo”: 42, “bar”: 9001, “baz”: 42}	jq ‘del(.foo)’	{“bar”: 9001, “baz”: 42}	删除key
	[“foo”, “bar”, “baz”]	jq ‘del(.[1, 2])’	[“foo”]	删除元素
getpath(PATHS)	{“a”:{“b”:0, “c”:1}}	jq ‘[getpath([“a”,“b”], [“a”,“c”])]’	[0, 1]	获取指定值
setpath(PATHS; VALUE)	{“a”:{“b”:0}}	jq ‘setpath([“a”,“b”]; 1)’	{“a”: {“b”: 1}}	设置指定值
		jq ‘setpath([0,“a”]; 1)’	[{“a”:1}]	设置指定值
select(boolean_expression)	[1,5,3,0,7]	jq ‘map(select(. >= 2))’	[5,3,7]	select
	[{“id”: “first”, “val”: 1}, {“id”: “second”, “val”: 2}]	jq ‘.[] \| select(.id == “second”)’	{“id”: “second”, “val”: 2}	select
arrays, objects, iterables, booleans, numbers, normals, finites, strings, nulls, values, scalars	[[],{},1,“foo”,null,true,false]	jq ‘.[] \| numbers’	1	从数组中取指定类型值
add	[“a”,“b”,“c”]	jq ‘add’	“abc”	字符串元素拼接
	[1, 2, 3]	jq ‘add’	6	sum
any, any(condition), any(generator; condition)	[true, false]	jq ‘any’	true	有一个元素是true返回true
	[false, false]	jq ‘any’	false
	[]	jq ‘any’	false
	[1,2,3]	jq ‘any(. > 1)’	true
all, all(condition), all(generator; condition)	[true, false]	jq ‘all’	false	所有元素是true返回true
range(upto), range(from;upto) range(from;upto;by)		jq ‘[range(4)]’	[0,1,2,3]	步进
		jq ‘range(2;4)’	2, 3
		jq ‘[range(2;4)]’	[2,3]
		jq ‘[range(0;10;3)]’	[0,3,6,9]
		jq ‘[range(0;-5;-1)]’	[0,-1,-2,-3,-4]
floor	3.14159	jq ‘floor’	3	取整
sqrt	9	jq ‘sqrt’	3	开根
tonumber	[1, “1”]	jq ‘.[] \| tonumber’	1, 1	转数字
tostring	[1, “1”, [1]]	jq ‘.[] \| tostring’	[“1”, “1”, “[1]”]	转json 字符串
type	[0, false, [], {}, null, “hello”]	jq ‘map(type)’	[“number”, “boolean”, “array”, “object”, “null”, “string”]	查看类型
sort, sort_by(path_expression)	[8,3,null,6]	jq ‘sort’	[null,3,6,8]	order by
	[{“foo”:4, “bar”:10}, {“foo”:3, “bar”:100}, {“foo”:2, “bar”:1}]	jq ‘sort_by(.foo)’	[{“foo”:2, “bar”:1}, {“foo”:3, “bar”:100}, {“foo”:4, “bar”:10}]
group_by(path_expression)	[{“foo”:1, “bar”:10}, {“foo”:3, “bar”:100}, {“foo”:1, “bar”:1}]	jq ‘group_by(.foo)’	[[{“foo”:1, “bar”:10}, {“foo”:1, “bar”:1}], [{“foo”:3, “bar”:100}]]	聚合函数group by
min, max, min_by(path_exp), max_by(path_exp)
unique, unique_by(path_exp)
reverse
contains(element)	“foobar”	jq ‘contains(“bar”)’	true
	[“foobar”, “foobaz”, “blarp”]	jq ‘contains([“baz”, “bar”])’	true
	[“foobar”, “foobaz”, “blarp”]	jq ‘contains([“bazzzzz”, “bar”])’	false
	{“foo”: 12, “bar”:[1,2,{“barp”:12, “blip”:13}]}	jq ‘contains({foo: 12, bar: [{barp: 12}]})’	true
	{“foo”: 12, “bar”:[1,2,{“barp”:12, “blip”:13}]}	jq ‘contains({foo: 12, bar: [{barp: 15}]})’	false
indices(s)	“a,b, cd, efg, hijk”	jq ‘indices(", ")’	[3,7,12]	返回出现元素下标位置集合
	[0,1,2,1,3,1,4]	jq ‘indices(1)’	[1,3,5]
	[0,1,2,3,1,4,2,5,1,2,6,7]	jq ‘indices([1,2])’	[1,8]	参数s可以输入为数组
index(s), rindex(s)	“a,b, cd, efg, hijk”	jq ‘index(", ")’	3	indexof
	“a,b, cd, efg, hijk”	jq 'rindex(", ")	12	lastIndexOf
inside	“bar”	jq ‘inside(“foobar”)’	true	包含元素
	{“foo”: 12, “bar”: [{“barp”: 15}]}	jq ‘inside({“foo”: 12, “bar”:[1,2,{“barp”:12, “blip”:13}]})’	false
startswith(str)	[“fo”, “foo”, “barfoo”, “foobar”, “barfoob”]	jq ‘[.[] \| startswith(“foo”)]’	[false, true, false, true, false]	开始于
endswith(str)				结束于
combinations, combinations(n)	[[1,2], [3, 4]]	jq ‘combinations’	[1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 3], [2, 4]	组合_笛卡尔积_
	[0, 1]	jq ‘combinations(2)’	[0, 0], [0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 1]
ltrimstr(str)
rtrimstr(str)	[“fo”, “foo”, “barfoo”, “foobar”, “afoo”]	jq ‘[.[] \| ltrimstr(“foo”)]’	[“fo”,“”,“barfoo”,“bar”,“afoo”]
split(str)				split
join(str)	[“a”,1,2.3,true,null,false]	jq ‘join(" ")’	“a 1 2.3 true false”	转string指定分隔符
while(cond; update)
until(cond; next)	4	jq ‘[.,1]	until(.[0] < 1; [.[0] - 1, .[1] * .[0]]) \| .[1]’	24 (432*1)
foreach
tojson
Format strings and escaping	###	###
@text	###	###
@json	###	###
@html	###	###
@uri	###	###
@csv	###	###
@tsv	###	###
@sh	###	###
@base64	“This is a message”	jq '@base64	“VGhpcyBpcyBhIG1lc3NhZ2U=”	加密
@base64d	###	###		解密
==, != >, >=, <=, < and/or/not
+=, -=, =, /=,* %=, //=
if A then elif B else C end
//	{}	jq ‘.foo // 42’	42	提供默认值
isempty(exp)
limit(n; exp)	[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]	jq ‘[limit(3;.[])]’	[0,1,2]
first(expr), last(expr), nth(n; expr)	10	jq ‘[first(range(.)), last(range(.)), nth(./2; range(.))]’	[0,9,5]
first, last, nth(n)	10	jq ‘[range(.)] \| [first, last, nth(5)]’	[0,9,5]
?				忽略异常

常用 linux jq 命令语法整理

常用 linux jq 命令语法整理

语法命令对照表

参考链接